Dont worry iv been learning and reading for a few years and im still learning a lot.
The routine looks like a basic fitness regimen like for people to just do some exercise in the day. If it was me id do the following
squats 1 x20 (warm up)
pistol squats 2x 10 each leg
lunges 2 x 10 each leg
Rear Leg Elevated Split Squat 2x 10 each leg
push ups 4 x 20
lying bar pull ups 3 x 15 (like a reverse bench press which i explained earlier)
chin up over grip 3 x 15
chin up over grip 3 x 15
dips 3 x 20
rows 3 x 15 with band either pull or push rows
dumbbell fly's 3x15 (with whatever weight or band)
bicep curls 3 x 15
hammer curls 3 x 15
overhand grip curls (works triceps more) 3x15
dead lift with sand bag or similar 3 x 10
plank 2x till failure I.e as long as you can with correct form.
side plank 2 x till failure both sides.
Add weight or resistance where necessary.
These are just a few I can think of off the top of my head not a complete routine, the reps are not specific to any goals. This is a incomplete example of what I personally would do when starting. I tried to add a balance of push and pull in there but it stills needs work. This is just a example though.
Again though I don't suggest you use the above, if you want to use it, then its up to you and at your own risk, this isn't me giving you a routine just a example of what I put together quickly as a example routine for myself. If you do take what I have written and use it at your own risk You will need to adjust the reps and sets and weights according to your own goals and abilities and make sure again you have correct form.
basically from where you are I would do the following
1. Get a list of all exercises you can do and have the ability to do
2. workout your goals and develop your sets and reps and weight/resistance (if any) to your personal needs
3. try to balance the workout well over push and pull exercises
4. workout if you need a split routine, if so split the routine appropriately
5. check again to make sure your routine is good and balanced and safe and you are happy with it.
The one you posted seems too easy and light, more like a generally minimal exercise for people who don't workout at all. a routine should be more detailed and involved IMO anyway.
In terms of resting yes anytime you push your body you need to rest it, body weight exercises shouldn't be easy, this is why I use unilateral, they double the load and also correct imbalances. time between sets will depend on goals. rest intervals would be good to google as well.
There should be enough body weight exercises for you do develop a 2 day split routine that will last 45min each session. Just takes time to get it together.
I do hope that these posts have given you some good insight though. I do add disclaimers to cover myself just in case while it is a forum and obviously anything we take is at our own risk I like to make a solid statement to clarify it especially when it comes to medical or personalized situations like this. This is also why I wont give out a routine as Im not qualified to do so.
I think right now you seem to be getting a hold on what you want to do, from here IMO the best thing to do is just get on google and hit the forums, medical stuff etc. I'm not going to lie it is a lot of research and reading but once you know what you need to know you will be able to design a routine and change it at will with very little effort. Sorry I cant give you a solid routine and say use this, but I don't think it would be safe for me to do so, everyone is very different and routines need to be personalized to each individual. if you want to cut out the middle work you could just hire a trainer for a few sessions to get a routine going. I find learning myself has been better though, it means I don't need to consult a trainer every time i need to change my workout.
DISCLAIMER : As always with my posts this is just my personal opinion and am in no way a professional in this area or qualified so all information in my post is just my own opinion and personal information and anything that you do decide to use from my post is at your own risk.